Conference insights from Vancouver and Boston to Paris and Beijing.
I'm flying back from the Arizona State University's Design Research conference, Exposed '09. The conference was simple and quick, and the contents were straightforward but felt rather uninspired in delivery. I did, however, find some material from one speaker particularly thought-provoking. GK VanPatter, the oft-anonymous source behind the well known NextD, spoke about his vision of the future of Design. GK has been a part of the quiet community of design intellectuals for a long time, and having worked at Scient with John Rheinfrank, it's not surprising that his talk was highly visual, full of rich intellectual content, and embodied primarily in "old school design diagrams" (the same style Hugh Dubberly has helped popularize and that I always appreciate).
Ignoring the sometimes self-aggrandizing promotional material for his company Humantific, the work offered a core view of a push from "Design 1.0" to "Design 4.0" - moving from traditional design (1.0) to product and service design (2.0), to organizational transformation design (3.0) and finally towards social transformation design (4.0). GK took the opportunity to point out that Bruce Nussbaum's latest jump on the "transformation" bandwagon is a day late and a dollar short, and he went on to illustrate - in his view - how offshoring and commoditization have directly led to a necessary push away from form giving and towards strategic problem solving. It's a very solid body of work, although I'm still firmly of the mind that interaction design - as practiced for the past thirty years - encapsulates all of these concepts under the container of "designing for behavior".
What was most enjoyable for me, though, was to hear another person in the larger design community discussing sensemaking. I'm still finding my way through this strange idea of knowledge acquisition and understanding creation, but I've identified a number of competitive and often completely contradictory approaches to sensemaking:
1. The social science point of view. Brenda Dervin describes Sensemaking as an approach to thinking about and implementing communications research and practice.
2. The action-research point of view. Daniel Snowden describes how the Cynefin framework is used as an approach to Sensemaking.
3. The learning, modeling and intelligence view. Stu Card, Herb Simon, and the other core cog psych figureheads from Carnegie Mellon have captured the essence of knowledge acquisition in the methods of information gathering, representation in a schema, developing insight, and creating a knowledge product.
4. The organizational behavior view. Klein, Moon & Hoffman describe a view of sensemaking embodied in organizational behavior, looking at how large companies deal with issues of "who knows what" - the motivated, continuous effort to understand connections (which can be among people, places and events) in order to anticipate their trajectories and act effectively.
GK VanPatter presented sensemaking in the context of his "3.0" or "4.0" transformative framework. He describes a nice distinction between sensemaking and what he calls "strangemaking". Industrial designers, according to GK, have for years engaged in purposefully changing the way things look, feel, or act so as to appear strange (read: different, novel, or new) simply for the purposes of competitive differentiation. This is ultimately a losing strategy, as there's no substance or authenticity to "strange for strange sake", and so - to quote GK - "The scaling up of sensemaking [the movement from 1.0 to 4.0] is changing what design fundamentally is".
"The scaling up of sensemaking" is a true challenge, because it's going to mean that a generation of designers need to abandon the ingrained need to "make cool stuff" and start thinking more.
It's also going to mean that we need to find clients willing to pay for us to think, instead of just to produce.
Jon Kolko
Sensemaking
Peter Jones - March 9, 2009
I'm following the comments here because #1, I wasn't in attendance (neither was anyone else from the Toronto design community presenting either, so good to see what we missed), and #2, some comments on sensemaking.
GK and Humantific/NextD have made some valuable contributions to the practice of sensemaking in design, in particular what they have developed around visual sensemaking. The difference between sensemaking research that you have cited (from Wikipedia? ;) and sensemaking practice is bigger than the difference between theory and practice around a given focus. That's primarily because the researchers look at sensemaking as a multi-sensory, cognitive and affective process of realization about effective courses of attention, located in the individual. NextD has elevated the practice of sensemaking to an activity that people do together to collectively understand and determine their preferred choicemaking directions. Researchers have never defined this as a practice, but as such, it falls closest (in my view) to Brenda Dervin's notion of the dialogical engagement of individual sensemaking about their situation.
I'd also clarify that Karl Weick intiated the organizational sensemaking school of research. Fellow Daytonian Gary Klein initiated the decision-making school of sensemaking based on naturalistic problem-solving and situation awareness. There are no good research summaries of these schools of thought that I have seen. Dr. Dervin's school is closest to Snowden's, while Klein and Weick comprise perhaps another school.
Sensemaking
Peter Jones - March 9, 2009
I'm following the comments here because #1, I wasn't in attendance (neither was anyone else from the Toronto design community presenting either, so good to see what we missed), and #2, some comments on sensemaking.
GK and Humantific/NextD have made some valuable contributions to the practice of sensemaking in design, in particular what they have developed around visual sensemaking. The difference between sensemaking research that you have cited and sensemaking practice is different than that of theory and practice. The researchers look at sensemaking as a multi-sensory, cognitive and affective process of realization about effective courses of attention, located in the individual. NextD has elevated the practice of sensemaking to an activity that people do together to collectively understand and determine their preferred choicemaking directions. Researchers have never defined this as a practice, but as such, it falls closest (in my view) to Brenda Dervin's notion of the dialogical engagement of individual sensemaking about their situation.
I'd also clarify that Karl Weick intiated the organizational sensemaking school of research. Fellow Daytonian Gary Klein initiated the decision-making school of sensemaking based on naturalistic problem-solving and situation awareness. There are no good research summaries of these schools of thought that I have seen. Dr. Dervin's school is closest to Snowden's, while Klein and Weick comprise perhaps another school. The practice schools have only just started, with NextD's model being the only design approach I've seen, and Snowden's software system with http://www.sensemaker-suite.com another practitioner system. There are also dialogic approaches from systems thinking and Dervin's methodology for user and practices research. Thanks for bringing this to the blog world Jon!
Peter, Nope, not from
frogs on the road - March 9, 2009
Peter,
Nope, not from Wikipedia - from my own scattered understanding of these phenomenon. Not to get too much into the "who invented what first", but Stu Card and the rest of the folk from PARC and CMU were talking about Sensemaking as a form of cognitive problem solving years ago; Daniel Russell, working with Card, defines sensemaking as “the process of searching for a representation and encoding data in that representation to answer task-specific questions.”
This is a totally different perspective than either Weick or Dervin (and definitely from NextD).
Ultimately, it looks like a "cool name" that's been applied wholesale across the board to everything from a theory of cognition to a theory of organizational decision making. I'm throwing it in the _overused but little understood_ category, along with "Wicked Problems". And we can probably put "derivative trading" in that category, too.
:O
I really hadn't heard the
Josh - Tucson Labs - March 9, 2009
I really hadn't heard the term "Sensemaking" before. While (I think) I understand the concept and it seems like it would be a useful process to apply to projects as you point out, there are a lot of contradictory definitions. I think the worst must be from http://communication.sbs.ohio-state.edu/sense... is just confusing.
It makes the differentiation between sense-making and Sense-Making :
"On this site, Sense-Making (capitalized) refers to the methodology; sense-making (not capitalized) refers to the phenomena of making and unmaking of sense."
When did capitalizing a word change its definition, and how would this be used in conversation?
More on Sensemaking?
Peter Jones - March 11, 2009
Jon, I'm really jazzed to see you pick this story up actually. Most design researchers don't get why this is important. If they did they would be at the conferences where these folks speak.
The problem with the term sensemaking is that we, designers, never owned it before - so it looks unfamiliar and we think it means "the making of common sense." The reason I got picky on the sensemaking research landscape is that this is not jargon, it is deeply researched territory. And in that landscape, PARC and Russell's notions are a bit later (1993), but do not cite the earlier research. This creates the sense of disconnect, which there is. Dervin and Russell have very little overlap.
Knowing some of these researchers I felt it worthwhile to clarify, since their work deserves serious reflection.
Dervin's SenseMaking Methodology grew from her work in the mid-1970's, when nobody else was thinking about user studies. She was. He first public cite of SMM was I think in 1983. Weick's first paper on Sensemaking was 1989. And Klein's discussion is not so much "sensemaking research" as meta-cognitive organizational behavior research that adapts sensemaking as a descriptive lens. I have a visual map that shows their relationships on 2 scales: Individual - Collective and Information - Situation. While "individual to collective" ranges on a scale, the other dimension (info and situation) is polar and therein lies the big break.